Orange: The History, Language, and Legacy in the UK
Orange, the fruit that dazzles with its vibrant hue, has a rich history that weaves through language, culture, and tradition. From its linguistic origins to its introduction in Britain, this fruit has shaped the way we describe colors and brightened British customs. Let’s explore its fascinating journey, highlighting key moments and figures.
1. Where Did the Word ‘Orange’ Come From?
The word “orange” originates from the Sanskrit “nāraṅga” (नारङ्ग), meaning “orange tree,” recorded around 500 BCE. As it traveled west, the term adapted:
- Persian: “nārang”
- Arabic: “nāranj”
- Spanish: “naranja”
- French: “orenge” (12th century).
The word entered Middle English around 1400 CE, initially describing the fruit. Its use to denote the color followed in 1512 CE.
2. When Did Oranges Arrive in Britain?
Oranges arrived in Britain during the medieval period, likely in the late 13th century via Mediterranean trade routes. Initially rare and expensive, they became a prized delicacy for royalty and the elite.
In 1507, oranges featured in a fascinating piece of correspondence: Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII, wrote to her brother King Henry VIII requesting “a small quantity of oranges” to be sent to her in Scotland. This letter underscores the value placed on oranges at the time, as they were a luxury item not readily available in northern regions.
3. What Did People Call the Color Before “Orange”?
Before “orange” described the color, English speakers used terms like “yellow-red” or “saffron.” The fruit’s introduction to Europe during the medieval period inspired its name to become synonymous with its distinct hue by 1512 CE.
4. Oranges in British Culture
- Marmalade (1714): Seville oranges became essential for marmalade, with early recipes appearing in the early 18th century.
- Christmas Tradition (19th Century): Oranges were cherished Victorian stocking fillers, symbolizing prosperity.
- Orangeries (17th Century): Wealthy estates built orangeries to cultivate citrus trees, with Kensington Palace’s orangery (1704) being one of the most famous examples.
5. Oranges as a Lifesaver
In 1747, James Lind’s experiments proved that citrus fruits, including oranges, prevented scurvy, making them essential for British sailors until limes took precedence in the 19th century.
Oranges have journeyed from exotic luxuries to everyday delights, leaving a lasting legacy in British culture. From Margaret Tudor’s 1507 request for oranges to their central role in Christmas traditions, this fruit’s story reflects centuries of trade, innovation, and tradition.
