Chalk soil is a type of alkaline soil formed over chalk or limestone bedrock, with a pH typically above 7. It is characterized by its pale, stony appearance and free-draining nature. Chalky soils are often shallow and contain large amounts of calcium carbonate, which influences their fertility and structure. They tend to be low in nutrients like potassium and magnesium and are prone to drying out in summer due to their poor water retention.

Plants growing in chalky soil may struggle to access certain nutrients, particularly iron and manganese, leading to chlorosis (yellowing leaves). However, many plants are well-suited to these conditions, including Mediterranean herbs (lavender, rosemary, and thyme), chalk-tolerant shrubs (viburnum, philadelphus), and native wildflowers like cowslips (*Primula veris*) and wild marjoram (*Origanum vulgare*).

Gardeners working with chalky soil often add organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to improve moisture retention and boost nutrient levels. Mulching can also help retain soil moisture and moderate temperature. While altering the soil’s pH is impractical, choosing plants naturally adapted to alkaline conditions is the most effective approach for thriving chalky gardens.