Anthracnose
Definition
Anthracnose is a fungal disease affecting a wide range of plants, characterized by dark, sunken lesions on leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. It is caused by various species within the Colletotrichum and Gloeosporium genera and thrives in warm, humid conditions.
Symptoms
- Leaves – Irregular brown or black spots, often with a yellow halo.
- Stems – Dark, canker-like lesions that may girdle and weaken plant tissues.
- Fruits – Sunken, water-soaked spots that darken over time, leading to rotting.
- Seeds & Seedlings – Damping-off in young plants, reducing germination success.
Common Host Plants
- Trees: Platanus (sycamore), Fraxinus (ash), Acer (maple).
- Vegetables: Cucumis (cucumber), Capsicum (pepper), Phaseolus (bean).
- Fruits: Vitis (grape), Mangifera (mango), Fragaria (strawberry).
Disease Cycle & Spread
- Overwinters in plant debris and infected seeds.
- Spreads via rain splash, wind, and contaminated tools.
- Favorable conditions: High humidity, moderate to warm temperatures.
Prevention & Control
- Cultural Practices – Prune infected parts, improve air circulation, and remove fallen debris.
- Resistant Varieties – Grow disease-resistant cultivars where available.
- Chemical Control – Fungicides (e.g., copper-based sprays) may help prevent severe outbreaks.
- Crop Rotation & Sanitation – Avoid planting susceptible crops in infected soil consecutively.
Anthracnose is a persistent issue in agriculture and horticulture, requiring proactive management to minimize plant damage and yield loss.
