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Algae

Definition:
Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic and moist terrestrial environments. They range from microscopic, single-celled forms like phytoplankton to large multicellular forms like seaweeds. While not true plants, algae play a vital role in ecosystems as primary producers.

Examples of Algae:

  • Microscopic Algae: Diatoms and dinoflagellates found in freshwater and marine ecosystems.
  • Macroscopic Algae: Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) and green algae (Ulva), commonly known as sea lettuce.

Significance in Botany and Ecology:

  • Photosynthesis: Algae produce a significant portion of the world’s oxygen and serve as the base of aquatic food webs.
  • Habitat Formation: Large algae, like kelp, create underwater forests that support diverse marine life.
  • Human Uses: Algae are used for food (e.g., nori), biofuels, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals.

Etymology:
Derived from the Latin word alga, meaning “seaweed.”

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